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Material substitution is assessed using the general substitution factors developed by [15].
Regional changes of GM volume at baseline and over the follow-up were assessed using the general linear model and the theory of Gaussian fields [36].
Material substitution is assessed using the general substitution factors developed by [ 15].
Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the general variance-based method [ 13].
Alcohol intake was assessed using the general questionnaire and determined by multiplying the weekly intake of each alcoholic beverage by its ethanol content [ 23].
The strength of the relationship between dependent variables (time to view the vocal cords and time to successful intubation) was assessed using the general linear regression model against independent factors such as intubation aid, operator experience, and intubation difficulty.
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Socio-economic position at birth (1958) and at age 42y was assessed using the Registrar General's occupational classification categorised as I &II (professional/managerial), III non-manual, III manual, IV & V (unskilled manual) [44].
HRQL was assessed using the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB) in each of the three clinical trials, and two of the trials also included the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep disturbance scale.
Several secondary outcomes were also assessed: Participants' knowledge about clinical trials generally and the IBIS-II trial specifically was assessed using the following scales: General knowledge about clinical trials, as presented in the DA, was assessed using an adapted form of an existing 7-item scale used in the IBIS-II DCIS DA pilot (Juraskova et al, 2007, 2008 ).
Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF; general quality of life, as well as the physical, psychological, social and environmental domains were considered, with scores from 0 to 100.
Self-rated health was assessed using the question 'In general, how would you rate your health overall?' in which the participants were asked to circle an appropriate response from 5 options (aggregated into 0 = excellent, very good, good, or fair; 1 = poor).
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