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To address this limitation, we also calculated chance-independent agreement using PHIΦ, a relatively new approach to assessing observer agreement [55], [58].
Several measures have been applied to assess observer agreement.
There is a growing literature on the drawbacks of using kappa values to assess observer agreement.
For all false-negative results, all seven local slides were revised to assess observer performance.
Other approaches to assess observer agreement have been proposed 28 29 30 31 32 33, but comparative analysis across populations is still difficult to achieve.
On Bland-Altman analysis, mean differences and 95% limits of agreements between B-lines and EVLWI was 4.9 (-14.5 to 24.5), and 5.9 (-3.5 to 15.3) when assessing observer agreement.
The data obtained using the search strategy were independently reviewed by two investigators (DG and LI) to identify articles for inclusion and to assess observer bias.
Occasionally, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), a measure of reliability, and not agreement 4 is frequently used to assess observer agreement in situations with multiple observers without knowing the differences between the numerous variations of the ICC 5.
Even when the appropriate form is applied to assess observer agreement, the ICC is strongly influenced by variations in the trait within the population in which it is assessed 6.
Coders will be blind to which sessions will be used to assess observer agreement and also blind to the condition and when in the treatment protocol the observations were collected (pre, post or follow-up).
Efficacy is assessed using observer and self-report efficacy measures of depressive symptomatology.
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