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Avascularization was assessed by methods described by Lee and colleagues [ 27].
In many studies, other risk factors (e.g. blood lipids, anthropometry), are typically assessed by methods with considerably higher concurrent validity than PA questions.
The immediate haemodynamic response of mean blood flow to this manoeuvre, assessed by methods such as oesophageal Doppler [ 33] or trans-thoracic echocardiography [ 34], has been used to estimate fluid responsiveness.
Most classical reference genes (see above) have been introduced for normalization purposes when mRNA expression was assessed by methods such as Northern blotting and conventional endpoint reverse transcriptase PCR because of their high expression levels in all cells.
Intraspecies diversity of a microbial population as reflected in protein patterns has long been assessed by methods such as SDS-PAGE or isoelectric focusing and shown to correlate with a high degree of confidence with genomic methods such as DNA-DNA hybridisation.
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Trial quality was assessed by method of randomization, concealment of patient allocation, blinding of intervention, blinding of outcome assessors, and completeness of follow-up.
Adherence to medications may be assessed by direct methods including directly observed therapy or indirect methods, such as pill counts.
The agreement between both methods was assessed by the method of Bland-Altman.
Agreement between the test methods was assessed by the method of Bland and Altman.
The visual field can be assessed by many methods.
Mechanical performance and thermal stability were assessed by various methods.
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