Resting cardiovascular structure and function were assessed using spectral Doppler echocardiography.
To compare the rate of change of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cRNFL) thickness, macular volume and thickness, and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters assessed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) between eyes with progressing and nonprogressing glaucoma.
or vehicle for 30 min. Heart rate (expressed as the pulse interval, PI) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variabilities were assessed using autoregressive spectral analysis.
The effect of turbulent loading on the noise radiated by an advanced aircraft propeller is assessed using a spectral conditioning technique which allows the inclusion of the non-linear effects associated with source rotation.
Valvular functions were assessed using both spectral Doppler and color Doppler.
In addition, vagal tone was assessed using power spectral analysis of heart rate [ 26, 30].
The power and the frequency of oscillations in the cortex can be assessed using power spectral density analysis [ 59].
Cardiovascular autonomic function was assessed by using spectral analysis of BP and HR variability.
Abnormal sleep that can be described in measures of deficient sleep quantity, structure (reflected by, for example, sleep cycle architecture) and/or sleep quality (assessed using, for example, spectral electroencephalogram power).
The extreme response is predicted using both short-term and long-term approaches, and the fatigue strength is assessed using a closed-form spectral fatigue method.
