We recommend the use of the small flexible MAP electrodes designed for use in mouse hearts by Knollman et al. [36], and conclude that MAP recordings are a valid technique for assessing electrical activity of the fish heart.
EMG assesses only motor function and consists of inserting a needle into a muscle to assess resting electrical activity (the presence of abnormal spontaneous activity such as fibrillations and positive sharp waves) and voluntary motor unit analysis [ 32].
For example, cardiac examination can be based on assessment of myocardial viability from magnetic resonance images [1], [2], [3] or electrocardiograms for assessing abnormal electrical activity within the heart in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia [4], [5].
Electro-acupuncture was also shown to improve motor recovery by assessing muscle electrical activity elicited under peripheral nerve stimulation [ 10].
Nevertheless, the 12-lead ECG remains the most popular ECG acquisition method for non-invasively assessing the electrical activity of the heart.
Saifuddin et al. [ 31] assessed the electrical activity of the temporal and masseter muscles in patients with lateral deviations of the mandible (from 5 to 14 mm), crossbite, crowding, and those with no subjective symptoms in the masticatory motor system.
Mechanical surrogates are used to assess fetal cardiac electrical activity.
A strong point of this study is that behavioral tests performed to assess functional outcome, electrical activity reflected in measured evoked potentials, and hemodynamic data from BOLD-based fMRI studies, were all well correlated and in agreement with previously reported data.
Therefore, this study aims to assess brain cortex electrical activity (alpha band frequency) in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain submitted to CV4 technique.
The neuro-ventilatory efficiency of these muscles, however, cannot be assessed by diaphragm electrical activity.
