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If you live in the European Economic Area EEAA), you may have additional rights under applicable data protection laws.
Transform: Change data formats as needed while checking that the metadata matches the applicable data fields.
Not applicable (data has not been used).
Where applicable, data are expressed as mean ± SEM.
Where applicable, data are presented as the mean ± SD.
Wherever applicable, data were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel Software program.
bNot applicable: data were not collected in the study.
When applicable, data are presented as the mean±s.d.d
Where applicable, data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
*NA, not applicable; ?, data missing from farm records.
Gather the applicable data.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com