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To ensure that the WBC suspensions were undergoing irradiation and sustaining DNA damage, a biological assay indicative of DNA damage, the phosphorylation of H2AX, was employed.
For Trypan blue exclusion assay (indicative of cell death), aliquots of labeled cells were removed at specific time points and mixed with Trypan blue.
The mechanism for antibacterial action of the gold nanoparticles were studied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that causes oxidative stress to microbial cells and release of intracellular enzyme lactate dehydrogenase into extracellular medium (LDH assay) indicative of loss of cell membrane integrity.
PCV13 dose 4, administered approximately 6 months after dose 3, also led to significant increases in antibody levels compared with before dose 4, and relative to after dose 3 for all serotypes (including serotype 3 when measured by OPA assay), indicative of a memory response on reexposure to the vaccine.
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Toxicity was assessed with standard biochemical assays indicative for slices viability: LDH, ATP, and protein assay.
This yielded Pearson's R 2 values of 0.646 and 0.514 performed as four individual assays indicative of good reproducibility (Supplementary Figure 1).
This assay is indicative of the susceptibility of a wheat cultivar to a given Zymoseptoria strain (Rosielle, 1972).
Even though the EROD assay is indicative of CYP1A1 activity, it is not specific for any CYP1 enzyme.
Note that the FB1 mAb is unable to distinguish between the metabolites, and therefore, the FB screening assay is indicative for the total level of fumonisins present.
Given that the magnitude of the RLU value above the cutoff of the assay is indicative of the total amount of high risk HPV type present, the results of this assay were used as a surrogate for HPV viral load.
Consequently, it represents target-to-compound-to-assay mappings indicative of activity modulation of a single defined human protein target.
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