The forming mwh clones permit us to quantify the effect of agents and genetic alterations by assaying frequency and size of the mwh mosaic spots.
In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, frequencies of SNPs were significantly different in rRNA gene regions immunoprecipitated with the Upstream Binding Factor (UBF) or with PolI, vs that combined with the transcription factor basonuclin.
Because C. elegans is a hermaphroditic species, we assayed frequencies in hermaphrodite oogenesis, male spermatogenesis, and in an aggregate measure that combines hermaphrodite spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
There were no significant differences in the level of primary and oxidative DNA damage (comet assay) and frequency of SCE between the tunnel workers and controls, whereas the frequency of micronuclei (MN) showed a significant increase in exposed subjects compared to controls.
Fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis was used to assay the frequency of antigen expressing cells [62].
In a dominant lethal mutation assay, the frequency of postimplantation lethality was not significantly increased over the control level.
In the lacZ recovery assay, the frequency of blue colonies for the S1PR5a-TALEN target site was 0.2% in uninjected embryos.
These media were collected after 48 hours, and HUVEC were cultured in each medium followed by evaluation of proliferation by MTT assay and frequency of apoptosis by TUNEL assay.
Independent of assay hit frequency, however, the modeling success suggests that the modes of action for chemicals that cause overt toxicity in vivo may, at least in part, correspond to those operative in vitro.
To overcome these limitations, we performed competitive growth experiments with isogenic strains containing single and multiple mutations in fluoroquinolone target genes, and we used pyrosequencing to assay allele frequency, avoiding exposing the organisms to antimicrobials.
