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Participants studied items under conditions designed to enhance either conceptual processing or focus their attention on superficial aspects of the items.
This topic hierarchy is then processed so that the most representative topics are used as aspects of the items.
After an initial intuitive grouping, they were asked to reflect on which aspects of the items may have led them to assign their groupings.
We use the hierarchical model produced to extract topics that represent the aspects of the items, similarly to the work performed by Domingues et al. [28].
Whether the sort rules were emblematic of superficial or literal aspects of the items (e.g., plants vs. animals or flying vs. nonflying animals); such rules often comprised what Chi et al. (1981 125) referred to as item surface features.
While the questionnaire was generally well understood and interpreted correctly and consistently, there were some aspects of the items and response options that caused confusion for the patients during the first round of cognitive debriefing interviews.
Similar(52)
Mention any flaws (always remaining polite), lack of rarity, or any other aspects of the item that might impact its value.
Even if this is not directly comparable, such worries may be seen as one aspect of the items tapping into emotional demands that were used in our study.
There are no such aspects to the "items of knowledge" that the Aviary deals in.
Indeed, the stability of the residuals of the other items is very small (i.e., r =.04 and.05 over 6 years); thus the aspects of these items that are not related to distress may reflect the influence of context-dependent or state-related factors.
Intrinsic features are an aspect of the item itself (e.g., the colour), extrinsic features are strictly speaking not part of the item, but are defined by the spatiotemporal characteristics of the event [17], [18].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com