This paper investigates different types of innovations (from radical to incremental) in the pharmaceutical industry by studying bibliometric data of drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration FDAA), looking at time-to-market aspects, knowledge sources of these innovations, and protection strategies.
Each of the following aspects: knowledge of risk factors, knowledge of early warning signs and knowledge of treatment of breast cancer were scored and the score pulled together.
Among other aspects, knowledge of the elementary functional units – transcription factor binding sites – is a prerequisite to understanding regulation of individual genes and their embedding into regulatory networks.
Scores from each of the following aspects: knowledge of risk factors, knowledge of early warning signs and knowledge of treatment of breast cancer were pulled together to have the overall knowledge score.
We estimated that a sample size of 371 would be required to estimate an assumed prevalence of 0.5 of various aspects knowledge about CHD at a confidence level of 95% with an error bound of 0.05.
The efficacy of on-line continuing medical education is already quite well established in two aspects: knowledge acquisition, with results comparable to other traditional models, and learner satisfaction, with higher satisfaction results compared to other models.
Here, we emphasize the 'knowing' aspect of knowledge production: how is knowledge produced, validated, negotiated, made sense of and enacted in local settings?
Through the understanding of the perspectival aspect of knowledge claims, standpoint epistemology can create libratory knowledge that can be leveraged to subvert oppressive systems.
When this aspect of knowledge is emphasized, Zen calls it "original" or "natural" knowledge.
Using this definition, we consider a multifaceted aspect of knowledge transmission.
