The better electrochemical performance is attributed to higher electrochemical activity, which is ascribed to the novel initial morphology and size of as-prepared ZnO active material.
The respective changes can be ascribed to the fact that the initial assessment of risk factors had alerted the patients to the presence of dyslipidemia (side by side with the presence of other risk factors), which triggered lifestyle adjustments.
This imbalance in the Free State ART programme could be ascribed to the strict adherence to the initial norms for staffing the ART sites.
The similar behaviour of voltage polarization in the cycles after the first discharge was ascribed to the similar nanocomposited structure induced by the initial conversion reaction.
This may be ascribed to the low excess energy (equal to the initial electron energy minus the threshold energy for the reaction channel for an endothermic reaction like the present one) of the dehydrogenated anion formed at this energy.
The initial increase can be ascribed to the increase in the native crystallite size and possibly due to the coalescence of smaller nano-crystallites.
The initial LRS can be ascribed to the existence of a pre-existed filament that is composed of oxygen vacancies in the nonstoichiometric ZrTiO x.
The initial irreversible loss is ascribed to the Li2O phase electrochemically inactive and non-conductive, irreversible reduction of SnO2 to Sn as described in Eq. 1, and decomposition of electrolyte to form a protective film on the electrode surface [25].
During this process, the trunk formation of ZnO nano-sheets with {110} planar surface at the initial stage can be ascribed to the excess OH− ions and abundant Zn(OH 4 2− ions (shown as Fig. 4a), which can stabilize the surface charge and the structure of Zn (001) surface to some extent, allowing fast growth along the [100] direction [18].
This change of the initial capacity can likely be ascribed to the effect of the carbon composite and/or thermal treatment during the composition process.
As has been suggested in previous studies [23, 25], the capacity increase observed during the initial 10 cycles was mainly ascribed to the activation processes, such as the growth of polymer/gel-like layers and/or the restoration of electrochemically less active Li2O species.
