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This may result in effect-size estimates that are upward biased (referred to as "ascertainment bias"); this is caused by ascertaining only those samples that result in genetic loci with evidence of significant association.
Our estimations on Indonesia include the AFOLU sector since ascertaining only the land use sector was not possible.
Similar studies have been much smaller with marked selection bias, usually ascertaining only patients with non insulin-requiring diabetes (2– 9).
The following table shows the distribution of the number of SGA offspring within the families of sib-pairs: > Ascertaining only family-pairs with at least two affected members, we can limit the case family-pairs to just 1,055 + 58 + 3 = 1,116, instead of 1,116 + 18,807 = 19,923 if we consider at least one affected member.
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This is a neutral or indifferent stage during which the sex of an embryo can be ascertained only by examination of the chromosomes in its cells.
As far as I can ascertain, only one person with knowledge of how the trades worked day to day has been interviewed by the regulators — and the interview was not conducted in person.
Its validity can be ascertained only in terms of adequacy, which is too conveniently ignored by the proponents of positivism.
Wear of the UHMWPE acetabular cup in total hip arthroplasties (THAs) is influenced by the sliding distance and direction of individual points on the femoral head, which has as yet been ascertained only for normal subjects.
However whether a claim can itself be considered suitable can be ascertained only by asking whether it can be agreed on by all those affected in hypothetical conditions of freedom and equality.
These acquired monoclonal alterations were ascertained only by the 244 K aCGH platform.
Yet, when a more stringent extinction criterion was used (absence of viral genetic material amplifiable by RT-PCR), extinction was ascertained only for M296I treated with R and then with FUG (with 500 µg/ml FU, not with 200 µg/ml FU) (compare panels C of Figs. 2 and 3).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com