In hospital testing, phenotypic features are ascertained from the medical record, include findings by subspecialist consultants, results of other concomitantly ordered tests, negative findings, and, in difficult cases, are supplemented by discussion with clinicians to ascertain material negative findings or clarify conflicting findings.
Additionally, surface energy, a measure of unbonded surface atoms, is often examined to ascertain a material's ability to facilitate osseointegration [ 9, 19].
It will be essential for researchers working in new systems to ascertain good material production pipelines, with the capacity to perform multiple biological replicates, as well as organ, tissue, and cell-type dissections and mass isolations (see below).
A selection of 19 AM material samples were CT scanned and the resultant images analysed to ascertain the materials' CT number and appearance in the images.
The point at which peaks disappear in the PDF indicates the diameter of the largest extent of the structural order in the material and this can be used to ascertain whether a material is amorphous or nanocrystalline (or indeed highly crystalline).
For example, collections of material in the genetic centres of regional services or university hospitals contain material ascertained for diagnosis or management, but the 'left-over' samples could form a valuable resource for research into specific conditions.
Independently from the analysis by Mori et al. (Acta mater., 1997, 45, 429), it has been ascertained that the material reveals steady-state creep even with only matrix plastic flow (multiaxial power-law creep) operating, through both variational principles analysis and finite element method (FEM).
Shortly thereafter, the patient began to cough violently and expelled a large pellet of chalk-like material, ascertained to be the remnants of a calcium supplement.
Samples from at least one time point in several subjects in each group contained insufficient cellular material (ascertained by quantity of β-actin) to allow quantitative analysis for virus.
Gels were cultured for 7 days, at which point, they were used either for mechanical testing to ascertain changes in material properties, or fixed for histology to evaluate structural changes.
