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In the original study, we excluded individuals reporting irritable bowel syndrome (cases = 221, 9.3%; controls = 324, 6.2%), because of difficulties ascertaining date of onset and because risk factors in this group may differ.
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Informed consent procedures and protocols for examinations were approved by the Joslin institutional review board, as were methods for ascertaining dates of onset of ESRD and death.
Though it would be interesting to assess survival from disease onset and the potential impact of delay until diagnosis, we were unable to do so because of the difficulty in reliably ascertaining dates of IIM onset.
The Medical Informatics database was also queried to ascertain date of death.
California and national mortality files were used to ascertain date and cause of death.
[ 40, 41] The following sociodemographic variables will be ascertained: date of birth, sex, marital status, level of education and race.
Mortality files, as well as reports from relatives, are used to ascertain date and cause of death.
The remaining 111,033 patients were identified using the NHS number on the hospital data warehouse to ascertain date of death and co-morbidity.
Because we were unable to ascertain date of death for patients referred to palliative care facilities, we analysed survival as the time to the combined endpoint of date of death or transfer to the palliative care facility.
Linkage to the death registry allowed us to achieve virtually complete follow-up with regard to vital status and to ascertain date of death as well as cause of death up to Dec 31 , 2010
We ascertain all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality using cause of death information classified according to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) obtained from the National Death Index, which is commonly used to ascertain date and cause of death in population-based studies [ 30].
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