As real world systems will always escape from such an unstable state (even due to vanishingly small perturbations), this state is of no practical relevance and will, therefore, be excluded from our discussion.
John Kennedy's call in 1961 to "bear any burden" in the struggle between two world systems was as remote to us as the sectarian debates of the 1930s between Trotskyites, Shachtmanites and so on.
To be fair, it must be acknowledged that some "Western" IR thinking carry perspectives of the "non-Western" world, such as dependency theory, world systems theory, postcolonialism, critical theories, postmodernism, poststructuralism, and constructivism.
If they fail, then capitalism is doomed as a world system.
Trotsky's theory of "permanent revolution" held that, historically, an economic system had to be seen as a world system rather than a national one.
Nor did they address the problem of developing a capitalist state in the age of universal adult suffrage, which neither Britain or the US had to do.The insight that "underdevelopment" was not some sort of backward, original condition but partly a result of how capitalism developed as a world system, has informed the work of most scholars of the developing world.
Since the 1990s anthropologists have been writing about and investigating the modern notion of globalization as a world system and the movement of information, symbols, capital and commodities in global and transnational spaces.
Many real world systems, such as chemical and metallurgical processes, exhibit sequentially changing behavior.
In addition, a discrete time system is often represented in the real world systems such as population models and switched systems.
