Of the individually validated examples (Acaa1b and Aard), expression of Aard-AS was localized to the nucleus and was detected only in random-primed target samples.
From the observed staining patterns, we determined that when fractional mitochondrial or lysosomal mass accumulation was ≥40% there was an almost equal probability that the images were scored as being localized to (or not localized to) mitochondria or lysosomes, irrespective of the predicted percent accumulation (Figure 5A, B).
Curiously, we observed that the ovarian localized mRNAs themselves are strongly enriched for genes with cytoskeletal functions, as were localized mRNAs in the embryo (Lecuyer et al., 2007).
As stated above, VMD2 was originally identified as being localized to RPE cells.
The gene was originally identified as being localized in a genomic region linked to breast cancer and subsequent studies on melanoma cell lines revealed point mutations in the TTC4 protein that may be associated with the progression of malignant melanoma.
Mutations in VMD2 have been implicated in Best vitelliform macular dystrophy and AMD, and bestrophin was originally identified as being localized to the basolateral plasma membrane of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells [5].
Various studies of the interactions of both cellular and other viral proteins as intracellular partners with Env have implicitly reinforced the traditional model of CTT topology as being localized completely within the inner surface of the cell or viral lipid membrane (Figure 1A).
Furthermore, when the bipolar meiotic spindles were assembled during the MI and MII stages, the p-MK2 signals were detected at the spindle minus ends, but not spread over the entire bipolar spindles, just near the minus ends of spindles (cytoplasmic p-MK2) (Fig. 2Ba,Ca); therefore, we refer to the cytoplasmic p-MK2 signals as being localized to the spindle minus ends.
Besides RTKs, other types of cell surface transmembrane receptors have also been described as being localized in the nucleus.
In S. cerevisiae, 178 proteins (3%) are annotated as being localized in the nucleolus (Christie et al. 2009).
It is possible that, in the earlier years, node-positive tumors were underdiagnosed and falsely classified as being localized, and hence appeared to have poorer survival.
