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Thus reduction procedures (detour reductions) as used in normalization proofs play a crucial role.
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As used in Table 1, normalization is the weight of each factor divided by the total of the factors' weights.
Reference genes were evaluated by running LRP10, PPIA and RPLP0 on the full study cohort, and the NormFinder (Andersen et al., 2004) algorithm identified RPLP0 as the best gene to use in normalization.
500 K arrays from 51 female samples from the International Hap Map project were used in the normalization and as baseline reference signals for CN estimations.
Genes used in the normalization between the different amplified samples were selected as detailed below.
A shape normalization established here for small φ and the shape normalization already established here for large φ are used in developing the normalization for all φ.
The transformed target Cts, and GAPDH or 18S Cts modeled as covariates, were used in a regression-based normalization of Cts in accordance with recommendations by Poehlman [ 71].
When irrelevant subject-level covariates are used in weighted quantile normalization, power and FDR control are essentially the same as when conventional quantile normalization is used (Fig. 3).
Here we have used multiple developmental stages of flowers and leaves of these two Petunia lines to identify genes that show reliable robustness as candidates for use in normalization of relative transcript abundance.
The expression of beta-actin (ACTB) and glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), used in a majority of studies [ 1], was reported to vary with experimental conditions [ 2] and clinical status of the tissue studied (e.g. asthma), making these genes unsuitable as internal standards for use in normalization of gene expression [ 3].
Cufflinks software suites were not used in this analysis as underlying normalization assumptions were not met.
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