Rational choice institutionalism, which has its roots in economics and organizational theory, examines institutions as systems of rules and incentives.
In musically sophisticated cultures, scales are formally recognized as systems of tones from which melody can be built.
This essay was typical of Barthes's still massively influential book Mythologies, in which the great critic took everyday things and theorised about them as systems of signs.
"He saw global human rights not as problem of Alabama sheriffs but as systems of inequality that white liberal people were complicit in".
Since Voltaire and notably since the establishment of a secular republic in 1905, France has regarded religions as systems of belief which can be freely criticised and ridiculed.
And it appears to want to do so by positioning itself at the heart of what Satya Nadella describes as "systems of intelligence".
He viewed cultures as systems of communication, and he constructed models based on structural linguistics, information theory, and cybernetics to interpret them.
At the same time he would have loathed the intricate state interventions beloved of Mr. Brown, the sort of top-down tinkering Smith dismissed as "systems of preference and restraint".
The steam printing press, radio, motion pictures, television, and sound recording as well as systems of mass production and distribution were necessary before public communication in its present form might occur.
As systems of exceedingly fine atoms, they live remotely, unconcerned with human affairs, examples to humans of the ideal life of perfect happiness (absence of mental fear, emotional turmoil, and bodily pain).
But if the history of aesthetics must be seen as a part of the entire history of philosophy, it must on the other hand be enlarged beyond its boundaries as ordinarily defined, which would restrict it almost entirely to the series of works by so-called professional philosophers and of the academic treatises known as "systems of philosophy".
