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This figure is more complex to interpret, as symptomatic cases are expected to increase as a function of severity.
Asymptomatic infections may carry the same risk for adverse pregnancy outcome as symptomatic cases [ 9].
These were all newly diagnosed either through the screening programme or as symptomatic cases.
Furthermore, our epidemiological analyses of rates in different social groups, ages, sexes or regions should also hold providing asymptomatic cases are distributed in the population in the same manner as symptomatic cases.
For this paper we decided to distinguish two groups of illness severity: We assume that 50percentt of the infections end up in moderate to severe illness (subsequently referred to as symptomatic cases) and that 50percentt of the infections are asymptomatic or very mild cases (referred to as asymptomatic cases).
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These three were categorised as suspected symptomatic cases during the flight.
Secondary cases are defined as those symptomatic cases from whose onset date and an assumed incubation period (<14 days) we can infer that contact with a confirmed case was more likely than any other exposure to be the source of infection, and whose onset was >2 days after onset in the contact case.
These include the effect of delaying diagnosis and the ratio of diagnosed to undiagnosed symptomatic cases, as well as the subsequent antiviral treatment and (possible) prophylaxis.
Presumably, other symptomatic cases (as well as many more subclinical cases) occurred but were not diagnosed or reported.
The first step in outbreak containment is to isolate symptomatic cases as soon as possible, to stop transmission of disease.
In a study from Freund et al., asymptomatic SAE detectable at CT after lung biopsy was reported to be as high as 3.8% (23/610 patients), whereas the symptomatic cases were 0.49%.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com