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As recommended by the "Guide to cost-benefit analysis of investment projects" of the European Commission the analysis will adopt as reference time horizon (years) for SPECTRUM (as a railway project) 30 years.1 Another necessary step is to set the base year of the analysis which often depends on availability of data - preferably as recent as possible.
The rescaled velocity components are defined as follows v x = v x ∗ v c ∗, v r = v r ∗ ε v c ∗, u x = ε u x ∗ u c ∗, u r = u r ∗ u c ∗, where the characteristic velocity u c ∗ is taken so that φ u c ∗ = ε v c ∗. Next we define a characteristic time t c ∗ = L ∗ / v c ∗, which we select as reference time scale.
Survival analyses included Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards model for TB and non-TB related deaths usinon-TB relatede time the periodeathssed from diagnosis.
We performed a two-way evaluation by considering either baseline or nadir measurement as reference time point to balance our dataset as 68 responding and 67 progressive responses by readers.
In the present analyses, educational level was modelled as a dichotomous variable distinguishing between low and high education (with low education as reference), time was modelled as a categorical variable (represented by two dummy variables, with baseline as reference).
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Many investigations have used this onset as the reference time for establishing the substorm sequence.
The BAT is determined by fitting a trilinear piecewise function and used as the reference time.
The data were corrected for radioactive decay with the first measurement being taken as the reference time.
Here, the early time point served as the reference time relative to which the second (late) time point data were corrected.
Recall that we have picked the slow time (t_{s}) as our reference time, hence (tau=t_{s}) in the above system.
Hence, we choose n0 = 0 as the reference time point and Hf,d 0, k/N) = 1 for 0 ≤ k ≤ 5, and zero otherwise, as the discrete reference IF distribution of the filter around the zero frequency value.
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