Sentence examples for as reference means from inspiring English sources

However, using the parents as reference means that half of the hybridizations involve comparisons between samples from different sexes, and copy number estimates involving the X-chromosome(s) requires manual CNV identification by analysis of raw log2 ratios with the NimbleGen and Affymetrix 500 K software when there is a sex mismatch.

In terms of height, firstborns were born shorter than later borns, although not significantly so, but showed substantial catch-up growth within the first year of life, such that they were already significantly taller than later borns by 1 year of age, as well as above the reference mean.

Ultimately, this can be of detriment to the final aim as poor quality and incomplete reference means that read alignment can be badly sub-optimal and generate many false positives or miss much of the variation.

As reference orbit, mean orbit elements (original two-lines elements) and osculating orbit elements considering the J2 effect are adopted and compared.

The 8,238 examined horses were used as reference population (mean EBV = 100) for calculations of the relative breeding values.

They may be considered as references and means of communication between the expert and the developer.

We define the dark count rate reduction factor as the ratio between the reference mean dark count rate before any laser annealing and the mean dark count rate after laser annealing.

T-scores of ≤−2.5 standard deviations (SD) below the reference mean were classified as osteoporosis; T-scores between −1.0 and −2.5 SD were classified as osteopenia; and T-scores ≥−1.0 SD were classified as normal.

In his important new book Dog Whistle Politics: How Coded Racial Appeals Have Reinvented Racism and Wrecked the Middle Class, author Ian Haney Lopez defines "dog whistle politics" as veiled references meant to "carefully manipulate hostility toward nonwhites" rather than deal honestly with the racial issues of our time.

A traditional water cleaning was used as reference method by means of cotton wool swabs and deionised water.

Using a mean HbA1C value of <5% as reference group, a mean HbA1C of 6.0-6.5 6.0-6.5ociated wash the lowest event risk (HR 0.466).