Increased alertness has also been observed as primary response of feral goats to the sight and sound of helicopters [ 5].
Indeed a number of genes from network 1 are classified as primary response genes for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), i.e. FOS, JUN, TNF, EGR1 and NR4A1 [ 21, 22].
During recent decades, many studies evaluating new therapeutic protocols for cancer patients mainly considered overall survival and progression-free survival as primary response measures.
Interestingly, the 286 genes that are classified as primary response genes (Clusters 1 or 2) in LPS and secondary response in polyIC (Clusters 3 or 4) are enriched for immune response genes (P<2×10−5), signaling cascade genes (P<6×10−4), and positive regulation of apoptosis (P<9×10−3).
The lack of suppression of proliferation is indicative of a possible delay of mammary tumorigenesis by pathways that might not involve cell growth inhibition as a primary response, as also suggested by another report [ 4].
Furthermore, the cortisol status of the fish was assessed in plasma and using a non-invasive technique to compare the two different measures as indicators of primary responses to chronic stress.
It encourages creativity as a primary response to art as opposed to passive appreciation to pre-established artists.
However, as primary gene responses give way to secondary responses, gene expression cascades are sequentially propagated across time.
The process of vascular remodeling can occur as a primary response to injury, or stimulus such as hypoxia, within the resistance vessels of the lung.
The frequency controllers cover multiple time-frames [1] (see Fig. 1): ① inertial response is also known as fast primary response, ② governor response is also known as slow primary response, and ③ automatic generation control (AGC) response.
