At the region level, we include GDP per capita and the average years of schooling; at the industry level, we include variables indicating industry type, industry age, industry scale, the sexual and educational composition of industry employees, average revenue per capita, as well as proportion of state-owned entities representing the level of state monopoly for an industry.
We ran a number of simulations to ascertain the nucleotide diversity, measured as the per-site proportion of nucleotide differences between random pairs of sequences in the population, as a function of the population size N and the selective coefficient of advantageous mutations s.
All event incidences were calculated as per-patient incidences, defined as the proportion of patients experiencing the event.
This intergroup difference seemed unlikely to be a cryptic result of smoking per se, as near equal proportions of IPF subjects with and without DRB1*1501 had smoking histories (67% and 64%, respectively) and cumulative smoke exposures (23±3 and 21±2 pack-years, respectively).
Perinatal mortality was calculated as a proportion per 1000 births.
The number needed to vaccinate (NNV) was calculated as the reciprocal of the absolute risk reduction expressed as a proportion per 100.
In order to directly compare all HIV incidence estimates in our study, we expressed the estimates based on the McWalter/Welte formula and the longitudinally measured HIV incidence both as rates (per 100 person-years) and as incidence proportions (per 100 people per year).
Another argument supporting HHR planning is the recent rise in health-care expenditure, both in per capita spending on health and as a proportion of per capita domestic product in real terms [ 8].
Fertilization success per cross was determined as the proportion of eggs per petri dish that had rotated their black animal hemisphere to the top [ 101, 103].
Dose intensity for each patient was calculated as the average proportion of the per protocol dose given per day while still on study chemotherapy over the first two cycles.
