as per above

USAGE SUMMARY

"as per above" is a correct and usable phrase in written English.
You can use it when you want to refer the reader to information that was previously mentioned in the same document. For example: "The employee must provide proof of certification. As per above, the required certificates are a valid driver's license and medical clearance."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Wiki

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

32 human-written examples

Now that the number of subnets has been determined (as per above example), we will have to determine which of the two subnets our IP address falls into.

WikiHow

Subsequently, we have combined Figure 3 and Figure 4 into a combined Figure 3 "Cellular polarity and centrosome localization is disrupted in KIAA0586 null (TALPID3) tissues" (as per above).

eLife

Greetings, friends, as per above-.

The New Yorker

Alternative: Uniforms, as per above.

The New York Times

IC-21 or J774A.1 macrophages were cultured as per above.

Nature

Howls of protest erupted — yes, it's a strong word, but as per above, the underlying logic was simple.

Harvard Business Review

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

28 human-written examples

After 3 weeks of plant acclimation, equal size litter (≤2 cm) was put on soil surface in the pot with a concentration of 4 g/100 g of soil, but no litter for control and kept as per the above conditions.

Botanical Studies

As per the above, the range of olive oils is huge — it's like asking what my favorite wine is.

The New Yorker

As per the above, the range of olive oils is huge it's like asking what my favorite wine is.

The New Yorker

It then hypothesizes that usage of smartphone can increase the tolerance (or in other words, increase perceived benefits or positive utility of travel time) of a long trip (one type of "productivity effect" as per the above framework).

Cities

A simple equation relating creep rate to stress is derived to describe the creep behavior as per the above philosophy and is shown to represent the creep data of a vast range of materials.

Acta Materialia

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

To enhance clarity, ensure that the information you are referencing with "as per above" is clearly and immediately identifiable. Avoid using it when the reference is ambiguous.

Common error

Relying too heavily on "as per above" can make your writing sound repetitive. Vary your phrasing by using synonyms like "as previously mentioned" or "according to the above" to maintain reader engagement.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "as per above" functions as a referential marker, directing the reader to information presented earlier in the text. It serves to maintain brevity and avoid repetition. Ludwig AI explains this is a correct phrase.

Expression frequency: Common

Frequent in

Science

41%

News & Media

21%

Wiki

18%

Less common in

Formal & Business

9%

Academia

6%

Encyclopedias

5%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, the phrase "as per above" is a correct and commonly used way to reference previously mentioned information in a text. Ludwig AI confirms its validity and suggests using it to maintain brevity and clarity. While versatile, it appears more frequently in scientific, news, and wiki contexts. To avoid repetition, consider synonyms such as "as previously mentioned" or "in accordance with the above". Be mindful of overuse and ensure the reference remains clear for the reader.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

as previously mentioned

This alternative is a more formal way to refer to something already stated.

as stated earlier

This alternative emphasizes the temporal aspect of the previous mention.

according to what was mentioned above

This alternative adds a bit more formality and precision.

in accordance with the above

This is a more formal and structured way of referencing previous text.

referring to the above

This alternative is direct and clearly indicates a reference.

as discussed

This alternative is concise and implies a conversation or discussion.

based on the foregoing

This alternative is highly formal and often used in legal or academic contexts.

as detailed above

This alternative emphasizes that the referenced information was explained in detail.

in light of the above

This alternative introduces a sense of consideration based on prior information.

given the above

This suggests that a conclusion or action is based on the information already presented.

FAQs

How can I use "as per above" in a sentence?

Use "as per above" to refer back to information already presented, for example: "The document requires two signatures; as per above, one must be from the CEO."

What are some alternatives to "as per above"?

You can use alternatives like "as previously mentioned", "according to what was mentioned above", or "in accordance with the above".

Is "as per above" formal or informal?

"As per above" tends to be neutral to slightly formal. For very informal contexts, consider rephrasing to be more conversational. In very formal contexts, be sure that you need this phrase at all: there might be more precise options available.

When should I avoid using "as per above"?

Avoid using "as per above" when the reference is unclear or too far removed from the original statement. Also, avoid overuse in a single document to prevent redundancy. Consider replacing it with more clear alternatives in order to improve readability.