Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
as maintained by
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "as maintained by" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to attribute a statement or belief to a specific source or authority. Example: "The theory is widely accepted, as maintained by several leading researchers in the field."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
Academia
News & Media
Alternative expressions(20)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
27 human-written examples
As input we use a square root information matrix as maintained by our incremental smoothing and mapping (iSAM) algorithm.
Once again, as maintained by the regulators, some customer orders had realized tangible gains from these undisclosed order handling mechanics, although the aggregate magnitude of such gains is unclear.
Academia
The concept of access and benefit-sharing (ABS) in genetic resources as maintained by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims at promoting the conservation of biodiversity and equity between the North and the South at the same time.
Science
Files are in original order as maintained by North.
Academia
Therefore, the original theory of migraine as a deficit of central serotonergic antinociceptive system [3] is today perhaps the more explicit, as maintained by other researchers [7, 102].
The Handle System as maintained by CNRI [13] is in fact also the underlying technology behind the DOI system [14] noted above.
Science
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
33 human-written examples
It was probably Cyaxares, not his father, as is maintained by Herodotus, who united the tribes of ancient Iran.
Encyclopedias
There is no evidence that Felix's school was at Soham, as is maintained by later sources.
Wiki
Data are drawn from a DHS-type survey conducted in 2000 as well as program records maintained by FP clinics.
Academia
In the myocardium formation, Tbx can activate the transcription factors and morphogens such as MyoD (maintained by miR-1 expression) and Myf550.
Science & Research
It draws on several sources, such as catalogues maintained by the US and Russian goverments, to visualize the locations of objects in space.
Science & Research
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "as maintained by", ensure the entity you are attributing to has a demonstrable role in the upkeep or preservation of the subject matter. This strengthens the credibility of your statement.
Common error
Avoid using "as maintained by" when the source only provides information but does not actively manage or preserve the subject matter. Use alternatives like "according to" in such cases.
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "as maintained by" functions as a prepositional phrase used to attribute the responsibility of upkeep, management, or accuracy of something to a specific entity or source. Ludwig examples showcase its use in attributing data maintenance to organizations like the UN or specific databases. It indicates that the entity not only provides the information but also actively keeps it current and accurate.
Frequent in
Science
48%
Academia
24%
News & Media
16%
Less common in
Encyclopedias
4%
Wiki
4%
Formal & Business
4%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "as maintained by" is a prepositional phrase used to attribute ongoing responsibility for the upkeep and accuracy of information, data, or systems to a specific entity. As noted by Ludwig, it is commonly used in scientific and academic writing to establish credibility and accountability. While the phrase is grammatically correct, it's crucial to ensure the attributed entity truly maintains the subject matter. Alternatives like "according to" or "as stated by" may be more suitable when the source merely provides information without actively managing it. Therefore, using "as maintained by" appropriately enhances the clarity and trustworthiness of your writing.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
according to
This is a more concise and direct way to attribute information to a source. It lacks the nuance of ongoing support or upkeep implied by "maintained".
as stated by
This phrase emphasizes the act of making a statement, rather than the ongoing responsibility implied by "maintained".
as supported by
This alternative highlights the backing or validation provided by a source, differing from the custodial connotation of "maintained".
under the auspices of
This phrase suggests guidance or patronage, a more formal tone compared to the straightforward attribution of "as maintained by".
overseen by
This suggests supervision and direction, rather than simple maintenance. The connotation is more about ensuring quality and compliance.
administered by
This highlights the act of managing or governing something, rather than just keeping it in working order.
managed by
Focuses on the active management and control, which can include maintenance but is broader in scope.
as held by
Implies a belief or viewpoint is possessed by a specific entity, differing from the responsibility of "maintained".
in the custody of
Highlights the act of guardianship of something; the focus is less on the action of 'maintaining' it and more about who holds it.
under the care of
Focuses on providing care and upkeep; not necessarily implying the formal sense of records or data, but rather direct support.
FAQs
How can I use "as maintained by" in a sentence?
Use "as maintained by" to indicate that information, data, or a system is actively kept up-to-date or managed by a specific entity. For example: "The database is regularly updated, as maintained by the National Institute of Health."
What is a good alternative to "as maintained by"?
Alternatives include "according to", "as stated by", or "under the auspices of", depending on the specific context and the nuance you want to convey.
Is "as maintained by" formal or informal?
"As maintained by" leans towards a more formal tone, suitable for academic, scientific, or professional writing. For informal contexts, simpler phrases like "according to" might be more appropriate.
What's the difference between "as maintained by" and "as reported by"?
"As maintained by" suggests ongoing upkeep and responsibility, while "as reported by" simply indicates that information was conveyed by a source at a specific point in time. The former implies a continuous process, while the latter implies a one-time event.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
83%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested