Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
as led to
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "as led to" is not correct in standard written English.
It may be an attempt to convey a causal relationship, but it lacks clarity and proper grammatical structure. Example: "The changes in policy were significant, as led to a decrease in overall productivity."
⚠ May contain grammatical issues
Science
News & Media
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
12 human-written examples
In fact, simultaneous expression of Rab5DN and Rab11DN in the AS led to different classes of phenotypes.
Science
Further analysis of factors which, other than HAIs AS, led to such variations goes beyond the scope of this research.
Science
So when we talk about "fairytale weddings" is there really the same kind of process going on as led to the emergence of real fairytales?
News & Media
The problem, though, is that if the timing and organisation of the step-up are amiss, a side becomes vulnerable to simple balls over the top such as led to the first goal, or through-balls such as led to the second.
News & Media
This amazing finding caused the widespread concern of researchers, as well as led to enormous studies on the interfacial structure of EDL and the charge storage dynamics in CDC [27, 31, 65, 66].
Science
5mC profiling with the advent of NGS platform, Illumina (Masser et al., 2015) has provided a boost to the BS-seq method as well as led to the creation of many methylation databases (Grunau et al., 2001; Hackenberg et al., 2011).
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
47 human-written examples
Yet, the extent to which AS leads to functional protein isoforms and to proteome expansion at large is still in dispute.
Science
Aortic stenosis (AS) leads to diffuse fibrosis in the myocardium, which is linked to adverse outcome.
Science
Remarkably, the inhibition of Lsk1 using an analogue-sensitive mutant (Lsk1-as) led to an increase of the level of promoter H3 within 1 hr and abolished acetylation during ste11 induction.
Science
The majority of parents assessed the program as useful and as having led to positive experiences.
Science
She and the rest of the audience refused to leave, as encores led to encores.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When indicating causation, use direct and grammatically sound phrases such as "resulted in", "caused", or "led to".
Common error
Avoid using the phrase "as led to" in formal writing. It's often grammatically awkward. Instead, restructure your sentence to use a clearer causal connector like "which resulted in" or a more direct verb.
Source & Trust
81%
Authority and reliability
2.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "as led to" attempts to function as a causal connector, linking a cause to its effect. However, Ludwig AI identifies it as grammatically incorrect. More common usages include simpler phrases that clearly indicate causation, such as "led to" or "resulted in".
Frequent in
Science
60%
News & Media
40%
Formal & Business
0%
Less common in
Academia
0%
Wiki
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
While the phrase "as led to" attempts to express a causal relationship, Ludwig AI identifies it as grammatically incorrect in standard written English. The intention is clear, but the execution is flawed. It's better to use more conventional phrases like "led to", "resulted in", or "caused" for clarity and grammatical accuracy. Although examples exist in science and news contexts, its non-standard usage undermines professionalism. Always opt for direct and grammatically sound alternatives for effective communication.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
resulted in
Replaces the entire "as led to" phrase with a direct causal verb.
caused
A simple and direct verb indicating causation.
brought about
A more formal way of saying "caused".
gave rise to
Implies a more gradual or indirect causal relationship.
was responsible for
Highlights accountability for the outcome.
contributed to
Indicates a partial or contributing cause.
precipitated
Suggests a sudden or hastened causal effect.
triggered
Implies an initiating event that starts a chain of events.
stemmed from
Focuses on the origin or source of the cause.
was the reason for
Directly states a reason-and-effect relationship.
FAQs
How can I use a phrase similar to "as led to" correctly?
Instead of "as led to", use phrases like "resulted in", "caused", or "led to" for better clarity and grammatical correctness.
What is a more formal alternative to "as led to"?
For a more formal tone, consider using phrases such as "brought about" or "gave rise to" instead of "as led to".
Is "as led to" grammatically correct?
No, "as led to" is not considered grammatically correct in standard written English. It is better to use more conventional phrases that clearly express causation, such as "because of" or "due to".
What's the difference between "as led to" and "led to"?
While "led to" directly indicates causation and is grammatically sound, "as led to" is generally considered incorrect and should be avoided. Use "led to" for clear and concise writing.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
81%
Authority and reliability
2.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested