But, as with China's admittance to the World Trade Organization, its toilet revolution has not affected all equally, initially producing a growing gulf between the haves and have-nots.
The Northern scallop was also initially produced as a bottom culture, with the goal of restocking over-exploited fishing grounds.
For example, in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), nearly twice as many neurons are initially produced as are eventually found in the fully developed nervous system.
For neurotrophic proteins such as GDNF, it is initially produced in vivo as an immature precursor that is processed proteolytically by furin-type endopeptidases, to liberate the mature functional protein from the propeptide [50].
As schematically illustrated in Figure 1A, these natural products are initially produced as linear precursor polypeptides via ribosomal synthesis.
IL-1β initiates and enhances inflammatory responses, hence, the production of bioactive IL-1β is normally tightly regulated at multiple levels: IL-1β is initially produced as an inactive precursor molecule that undergoes cleavage to produce bioactive IL-1β.
While initially produced as part of the 7.28.1x MOOC for MITx on edX (offered again starting August 4), the team purposely designed the video to be able to stand alone from the full course so that it could be used by a diverse audience of biology students - from high school to graduate level, and on and off the MIT campus.
Eleven such mini-scenarios were initially produced as output of the workshop (see Annex), out of which four cases conducive to the construction of a main scenario (c.f. Fig. 1) are elaborated in this article.
Caspases are initially produced as inactive zymogens, which typically undergo proteolytic processing to produce active enzymes composed in most cases of tetrameric assemblies with two large (∼20 kDa) and two small (∼10 kDa) subunits.
In this type of diseases, a protein (e.g. amyloid precursor) is initially produced as a non lethal monomer which after triggering, oligomerizes, destroys cells and induces the onset of the disease [2].
TNF is initially produced as a 26 kDa transmembrane molecule (tmTNF), later to be cleaved by TNF-α Converting Enzyme (TACE) to release the soluble 17 kDa TNF cytokine (solTNF) [20].
