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H is a measure of the health of the child, which is measured as height for age z score.
Stunting was defined as height for age (HAZ) <−2 Z-scores, wasting as weight for height (WHZ) <−2 Z-scores and underweight as weight for age (WAZ) <−2 Z-scores [22].
Stunting (defined as height for age <2 SD below the mean) was 43% in 2001 and 41% in 2011 [ 3, 4].
Stunting was defined as height for age below minus two standard deviations from the median height for age of the standard World Health Organization reference population.
Wasting was defined as weight for height Z score of <−2 and stunting as height for age Z score of <−2.
Childhood malnutrition (stunting) was defined as height for age below minus two standard deviations from the median height for age of the standard World Health Organization (WHO) reference population [ 10, 11].
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Third, if there is a critical period for child human capital investment that closes before the age of 5 then children above this age may not see any improvement in medium-term nutritional outcomes, measured here as height-for-age.
Continuous variables included in these analyses were: mean age, dose of zinc, duration of diarrhea before admission, proportion wasted defined as weight-for-age z score<-2, proportion stunted defined as height-for-age z score<-2, mid-arm circumference, proportion with fever, mean dehydration score, baseline zinc and proportion breastfed.
The key outcome of interest was physical growth measured as height-for-age with low height-for-age or stunting as a secondary outcome.
In addition, stunting according to the WHO criteria is defined purely statistically as height-for-age below −2 z scores, which approximates 2.5% of a normally distributed sample.
Stunting was defined as height-for-age Z-score less than -2 standard deviations of the WHO/NCHS reference standards [ 17].
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