Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
as has been characterized
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "as has been characterized" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when referring to a description or characterization that has been previously established or noted. Example: "The phenomenon, as has been characterized in earlier studies, demonstrates significant variability."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Encyclopedias
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
3 human-written examples
Unfortunately the transaction has been anything but speedy, as has been characterized by what appear to be unrealistic expectations of value.
News & Media
It may involve the process of molecular diffusion as has been characterized recently for lens capsule for γD crystallin [36].
Science
To examine whether OSM protects cone photoreceptors as well, we used the same rat model in which the secondary cone degeneration develops following rod degeneration, as has been characterized recently [19].
Science
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
56 human-written examples
State officials said yesterday that mini-power plants they planned to build around New York City this year might not be as temporary as had been characterized, that they might be sold to private owners and that there was a chance more were on the way next year.
News & Media
Many splice-forms of WT1-AS have been characterized, where defects in the splicing machinery are implicated with acute myeloid leukaemia [ 63].
Science
LRPPRC (leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing), also known as LRP130, has been characterized as a mitochondrion-associated protein [ 24, 25].
Science
Next we used Iba1 antibody to identify microglial cells, as Iba1 has been characterized as a specific marker for macrophage/microglia [ 17].
His tenure as D.A. has been characterized by turmoil, during which top aides have come and gone.
News & Media
An endo- 1,4 -β-glucanase, commonly known as KORRIGAN, has bendo- 1,4 -β-glucanaseendo- 1,4 -β-glucanaseortant rolendo- 1,4 -β-glucanaseis.
Science
While lower-court judges have generally upheld that principle, the reed to which they have clung -- a concurrence by Justice Lewis F. Powell Jr. in a Supreme Court case from 1972 known as Branzburg -- has been characterized as relatively thin in several recent decisions.
News & Media
The expression of over 20,000 genes, as of 2006, has been characterized.
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Use "as has been characterized" to refer back to an established description or understanding of something, ensuring the reader understands the reference point. For example, "The economic policy, as has been characterized by critics, led to significant inflation."
Common error
Avoid using "as has been characterized" for describing something for the first time. It's better suited for referencing existing characterizations, not introducing new ones. Instead of saying, "The novel, as has been characterized, is about love", try "The novel is about love."
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "as has been characterized" functions as a discourse marker, specifically a referential marker. It connects the current statement to a previous characterization or description. Ludwig AI provides examples illustrating this function in various contexts.
Frequent in
Science
33%
News & Media
33%
Encyclopedias
33%
Less common in
Formal & Business
0%
Social Media
0%
Wiki
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, "as has been characterized" is a phrase used to refer back to a previous description or understanding, acting as a referential discourse marker. Ludwig AI highlights its occurrence across diverse sources, from science and news to encyclopedias, with a neutral to formal register. The phrase, as confirmed by Ludwig AI, is grammatically correct and suitable for use when referencing an existing characterization. While simpler alternatives exist, "as has been characterized" is useful for emphasizing the origin or external source of the description.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
as has been defined
Changes the verb to "defined", implying a formal or precise description.
as has been described
Uses "described" instead of "characterized", indicating a detailed account rather than an assigned attribute.
as previously noted
Replaces "characterized" with "noted", focusing on prior observation or mention.
as formerly depicted
Emphasizes that the characterization occurred in the past.
as earlier portrayed
Highlights the representation or portrayal of something in the past.
as it was labeled
Shifts the focus to the act of labeling, implying a specific designation.
as it's been called
Uses a more informal tone, referring to a common name or designation.
according to its designation
Indicates that something is following an assigned designation.
based on its classification
Focuses on the act of classifying something.
in accordance with its description
Implies the action is consistent with previous accounts of the subject.
FAQs
How can I use "as has been characterized" in a sentence?
Use "as has been characterized" to refer to a description or understanding that's already been established or presented. For example, "The project, as has been characterized by the team, faces several logistical challenges."
What's a more direct way to say "as has been characterized"?
Consider using phrases like "as "previously described"", "as "already defined"", or "as "noted earlier"" for a more concise alternative.
When is it appropriate to use "as has been characterized" over simpler alternatives?
Use "as has been characterized" when you specifically want to emphasize that the description or understanding you're referencing comes from an external source or previous discussion, adding a layer of authority or context.
Is there a difference between "as has been characterized" and "as it is characterized"?
"As has been characterized" refers to a past or existing characterization, while "as it is characterized" implies a present, ongoing characterization. The first indicates something already described, the second describes something in its current state of being described.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested