There are currently five valid and one undescribed species of Allosaurus (A. amplus, A. atrox, A. europaeus, the type species A. fragilis, the as-yet not formally described "A. jimmadseni", and A. lucasi ). A. atrox, A. fragilis, "A.
Eight species have been considered potentially valid since 1988 (A. amplexus, A. atrox, A. europaeus, the type species A. fragilis, the as-yet not formally described "A. jimmadseni", A. lucasi, A. maximus, and A. tendagurensis ), although only about half are usually considered valid at any given time.
Although the 'kātĕpo' was reported to the Linnean Society as early as 1855, the katipo was formally described as Latrodectus katipo by L. Powell in 1870.
Fitch's approach is utterly syntactic (much like Schönfinkel's), and "formalization" is to be understood as encoding a formally described system in another not unlike the arithmetization of the syntax in Gödel's incompleteness theorem.
As some of the Iranian isolates appeared similar to an isolate that had previously been characterised as belonging to A. flavus Group II (now formally described as A. minisclerotigenes) [ 9, 10] ten additional Group II-like isolates from Australia, the USA and Africa were added to the analysis [ 3].
The structure of scientific knowledge can be nicely formalized with cuts, and much of the scientific activity can be formally described as proof generation or proof transformation.
These systems are shown in Additional File 1 and listed in more detail in Additional File 2. As noted in the Methods Section, some of these activities are not formally described as public health surveillance systems but do provide essential ongoing information (eg, the five-yearly population census).
Three of them have later been formally described as H. magnorufescens Vizzini et al.24, H. vesterholtii Olariaga et al. and H. ovoideisporum Olariaga et al.21, respectively.
