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The property of system structural complexity can be illustrated in Fig. 3, where (uplus ) denotes a system composition as formally defined in system algebra in "Compositional operations of formal systems".
As formally defined in 1985 under the authority of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), the global stratotype section and point (GSSP) for this boundary is established 1.6 metres (5.2 feet) above the base of the Birkhill Shale Formation on the north side of the Linn Branch stream at Dob's Linn, near Moffat in southern Scotland.
The word is sometimes used to refer to codes, ciphers, and other kinds of artificially constructed communication systems such as formally defined computer languages used for computer programming.
Below, we work with simulation configurations, and process them to obtain flux configurations as formally defined in the Methods section.
Core MDT members (as formally defined in MDT documents, or by the clinical lead, and excluding observers and occasional visitors) completed the Team Climate Inventory (TCI) during the final month of observation.
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The taxonomic units, which may serve as our best estimates for species in future studies, are assigned to informal, or, as far as possible, formally defined taxon names from literature.
Assuming that cells move moderately between two consecutive frames, we assign the relative overlap of p and q as their weight, formally defined as (1) Naturally, sets of segments that achieve a relative overlap close to 1 should more likely be considered as one cell, while overlap close to 0 indicates segment sets that do not constitute one cell.
Since Mr. Levin's departure, Mr. Case's role has also been formally defined as largely advisory, mainly as a counsel to Mr. Parsons.
In other words, they treated it as a common – a place formally defined as "pertaining or belonging equally to an entire community, nation or culture".
In industrial systems, strict thermodynamic coupling (as it is formally defined) is unlikely, particularly where catalysis is used.
As Governor, she formally defined the boundaries, names and number of Sienese Contrade — akin to administrative divisions — in 1729.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com