Generally, urban residence has been associated with lower fertility, as explained by several theories.
The architecture of an MLP as explained by several researchers (Ham and Kostanic 2003; Huang et al. 2006a), with one hidden layer consists of several elements which include, input to hidden layer weights, hidden layer biases, hidden layer transfer function, hidden layer to output layer weights, output layer biases and output layer transfer function.
This heterogeneity is found within tumors as well as between patients, and can be explained by several mechanisms; the origin of the cell causing the cancer [ 58], the different environmental factors involved in driving the tumor, and transient changes in cellular status associated with malignant progression, such as EMT [ 33- 38, 38, 59].
As a result, overall mortality risk is explained by several modifiable factors, such as obesity and physical inactivity, and non-modifiable (unchangeable) factors, such as age and race, that are unique to athletes.
Such incongruence between morphospecies and genetically delimited phylogenies have been explained by several authors as being the result of phenomena such as morphological convergence (homoplasy), phenotypic plasticity, recent speciation with incomplete lineage sorting, morphological stasis, and/or interspecific introgressive hybridization [ 80].
Twenty-four hour variation in clearance and oral bioavailability as well as the increase in absorption rate constant can be explained by several physiological factors.
The theoretical basis of estimating the depth from Fourier spectra has been explained by several authors such as Spector ([1968]), Spector and Grant ([1970]), and Hahn et al. ([1976]) among others.
The presence of lactate within pilocytic tumours might be explained by several mechanisms, such as an abnormal number or dysfunction of mitochondria (which would interfere with the processes of oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport); alterations in proportional oxygen delivery, oxygen extraction, or oxygen usage by the tumour; or anaerobic glycolysis by tumour cells [23, 24].
This Hall Petch relation has been explained by several models, such as the pile-up of dislocations ahead of grain boundaries [47, 48], grain boundary acting as a source of dislocations [53], and the influence of grain size on the dislocation density (under the assumption that dislocation density is inversely proportional to grain size) [54, 55].
The discrepancy in protein levels between the two platforms could be explained by several factors, such as the generation and purity of antibodies and reference proteins (different species or different techniques), the range of the standard curve, technical differences of the platforms and analysis sensitivity and specificity.
The specific directional intercalation of notochord plate cells along the mediolateral axis of ciona intestinalis can potentially be explained by several mechanisms, such as a tight intercellular connection [25] and/or a physical barrier that suppresses notochord cell movement along a dorsoventral direction [31], [32], [33].
