Sentence examples for as equal to zero from inspiring English sources

To capture the effects of minimum early retirement age RA t on the decisions to permanently retire or take up gradual retirement, we define the variable Z it as equal to zero if RA t is lower than or equal to individual age A it and to RA t  − A it if RA t is higher than A it.

In the present study, we used half the limit of detection (LOD) to estimate levels of congeners below the LOD, whereas we previously calculated them as equal to zero (Schecter et al. 2004).

In a subsonic flow regime, the relative pressure at the outlet of the EAHE pipe was defined as equal to zero atm.

To date, there is no clear evidence to recommend a change from the common practice of assuming this covariance as equal to zero.

Men continued to show significantly greater concordance than women, suggesting that lower concordance estimates for women were not an artifact of coding statistically nonsignificant correlations as equal to zero.

This method finds the estimators of parameters that maximize the likelihood function: (5) l β = ∏ i = 1 n π x i y i 1 - π x i 1 - y i The log likelihood of (5) is defined as (6) L β = ln l β = ∑ i = 1 n y i ln π x i + 1 - y i 1 - π x i To find the maximum likelihood estimators, L is differentiated with respect to each parameter, and then the resulting terms are set as equal to zero.

Mr Pollen said that Mr Dick was fiercely proud of his car and valued it as equal to one of Scotland's most famous relics.

A provisional kilogram standard was made and work was commissioned to determine the precise mass of a cubic decimetre (later to be defined as equal to one litre) of water.

This function is used to approximate the ℓ 0-norm to obtain minimum-support solutions (that is, solutions with as many components equal to zero as possible).

The resonance field H res does not coincides with position at the magnetic field H, where amplitude of the derivative of absorption signal is equal to zero, as soon as a signal is a combination of absorption and dispersion.

Geographic variables consist of the average altitude, the share of flat ground whose slope gradient is less than 15° in total county area23, the distance to Shanghai, as well as the length of coastline (equal to zero for an inland county).