By using a whole rat embryo culture model system, several biochemical processes have been examined, either as potential initial sites of teratogenic action or as early steps in the pathway to malformation.
Folate substrate inhibition probably evolved as a buffering mechanism against seasonal variation in folate availability from fresh leafy greens in order to maintain critical reactions in the folate cycle, such as early steps in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines for DNA synthesis.
NPM1 loss may have occurred as an early step in MDS/AML as it remained stably mono-allelic in 4 NPM1+/− patients and did not develop in 6 NPM1+/+ over a median of 9 months follow-up (range: 2 156 months) (Table 2).
Tetraploidy is commonly seen in human cancer, including GLI2ΔN-driven malignancies, such as BCCs, and has been reported as an early step in human tumorigenesis and a contributing factor in the generation of aneuploid tumors.
Besides anoikis resistance, a motility behavior of cancer cells was also recognized as a critical factor for success in metastasis as the early step of cancer dissemination involves cell migration and intravasation into blood or lymphatic systems [ 3].
SPARC protein can be measured in human serum [ 26], thus, future study of the role of SPARC in ESCC should consider comparison of serum levels in cases and controls as an early step in assessing the potential value of SPARC protein as a biomarker for early detection or screening in a high-risk populations.
As adhesion of mononuclear leukocytes to vascular endothelium cells is also considered as an early step in atherogenesis, LOX-1 may also support leukocyte adhesion during the development of atherosclerosis.
As an early step on its trek to modernity, the Morgan is presenting the small but intense collection bequeathed to it by the Broadway lyricist Fred Ebb (1928-2004).
She knew no Broyards in New York, but found plenty in Los Angeles, even bringing them together for a family reunion as an early step in her process of discovery.
