State of the art packaging for implantable devices uses metal or glass housings that are reliable but limited from a miniaturisation viewpoint as well as cost-intensive.
However, various difficulties may be encountered in the regional estimation of As concentration such as cost-intensive field monitoring, scarcity of field data, identification of important factors affecting As, over-fitting or poor estimation accuracy.
Except for MALDI-TOF-MSn, all of the methods for structure analysis of CEA glycans mentioned above are sample/standard-consuming as well as cost-intensive.
Some of these methods are termed to be effective; also they possess underlying drawbacks such as high cost, intensive energy requirements, and formation of hazardous byproducts and generation of sludge which causes secondary pollution [ 3].
Simultaneous assessment of MSVs and CNs can be achieved by PCR, cloning and Sanger sequencing, however, these methods are labour and cost intensive as well as prone to methodological bias introduced by bacterial cloning.
Use of systemic insecticides is highly cost intensive as well poses bigger threat of their incorporation in dietary chain.
COBET has been regarded as a very cost intensive programme.
To reach them as well, different and more cost intensive recruitment strategies would be required [ 13].
However, according to a study, these traditional methods of pretreatment are cost intensive, as additional chemicals or energy are required (Lim and Wang 2013).
Nevertheless, murine models are labour and cost intensive, and as a consequence offer low statistical resolution.
These disruptions must be considered while designing the supply chain; especially if capital cost intensive components such as regional biomass pre-processing depots (RBPD) are to be implemented.
