On the other hand, a considerable amount of referrals were due to causes that may have been prevented by the applicant through early communication with the competent authorities, such as the choice of reference product or dosage strength.
This is partly related to variations in prevalence and imaging characteristics in the population tested, but more often to methodology applied, such as number of readers, choice of reference standard and presentation of results as observer agreement or sensitivity and specificity.
Unfortunately, the definition of the indirect evidence is not quite clear for multi-armed studies, and the node-splitting methods were recognized as depending on the choice of reference treatment in multi-armed studies [ 15, 16].
Furthermore, exactly the same observations were selected as outliers and also the choice of reference clocks and clock breaks was identical.
The problem of low sensitivity of EMA test in newborns may be associated with the choice of reference samples as a control for the test.
The choice of reference standard diagnosis was inevitably pragmatic as, for ethical reasons, we could not obtain histology for every lesion in the trial.
Finally, at the microscopic scale, a meticulous scratch probe calibration procedure is described to improve the accuracy of the fracture properties determination by addressing important issues such as moisture content, specimen surface cleanliness and choice of reference material.
As we discuss in the following section, the choice of reference transcriptome and mapping parameters have important implications for biological inferences.
Versions of the argument differ as to what they choose as the reference property x, and how they defend the choice of reference property.
As there are no universal reference genes for all experimental systems, the choice of reference genes has to be carefully validated in each individual experiment [ 25].
