Nevertheless, the success of these citizen observatories hinges on the continued involvement of citizens as central actors of these initiatives.
Throughout, it presents African Americans as central actors in the arenas of American politics, while emphasizing traditions of self-determination, self-governance, and self-defense among them.
All of the respondents are described as "central actors in the global economy". But those between ages 40 and 60 — the ones most likely to hold senior positions — were among the most pessimistic about the nation's future competitiveness.
Consequently, it is mandatory to investigate which tasks arise for the domain-experts as central actors of the whole knowledge-discovery process, and what consequences this paradigm shift has for the process itself.
The migration and development nexus stems from a consensus between policy-makers, consolidated over the years in the numerous trans-governmental forums on migration, that perceives migrants as central actors for the development of their country of origin.
Moreover, TRN members perceived two actors as central actors who were not and 16 actors as brokers who were not.
There were far fewer actors perceived as central actors across the Powerful, Influential and Well-connected networks compared to those perceived as brokers (four compared to nineteen).
In addition, midwives, who were identified as central actors in the network, tended to have the most inter-community communication to other midwives in the CUG.
The key roles of the TRN director and TRN manager as central actors and brokers, co-ordinating and linking together members is investigated further in separate studies [ 13- 15].
Actors who occupy central highly connected positions in the network are termed variously as central actors (eg, see Creswick et al 36, Hawe and Ghali 52 and McAneney et al 53), opinion leaders (eg, see Valente 54, Valente and Pumpuang 55, Gifford et al 56 and Ankem 57), hubs (eg, see Buchanan 58 and Watts and Strogatz 59) or connectors.
