Sentence examples for as an upper boundary from inspiring English sources

As an upper boundary condition for fluid flow, a constant pressure head (0 Pa, Dirichlet) was assigned to the topography (Fig. 1).

The location of the pulse tip at that time can be defined as an upper boundary of the transitional level, meaning that above this height, convective buoyancy is the only significant uplift mechanism.

The following were employed as boundary conditions: (a) the bottom water temperature at the seafloor from hydrographic observation data from the Japan Oceanographic Data Center as an upper boundary condition; and (b) a geothermal gradient (alpha) at infinitely deep depths in the absence of a topographic effect.

Nevertheless, we accept, as an upper boundary, that 1 % of the inhaled dose may be delivered to the blood compartment, which would be 24, 26 and 8 μg/day, respectively.

In particular, differences among distinct crystal structures of the same protein (crystal-to-crystal comparison) are set as an upper boundary for structure prediction (Tables 1, S5, and S6).

We followed the procedure of Slotte et al. [ 21]: we assumed a substitution rate of 6.5·10-9 [ 71, 72] as a lower boundary for the mutation rate and the synonymous substitution rate of 1.5·10-8 per site per generation [ 73] as an upper boundary, and used the mean of these two estimates to calculate per-fragment mutation rates (Additional file 3, Table S3).

Rather than remove all measurements below the limit of quantitation or fix them at a certain value, we used the M3 maximum-likelihood approach [ 32], which treated any measurement falling below the limit of detection as having an upper boundary of 0.0032% to make optimal use of all measurements.

As quality usually has an upper boundary (e.g., error rate), the planning model incorporates process-specific upper quality boundaries (Leyer et al. 2015).

Nevertheless, the proposed boundary conditions especially for the stable region are not consistent as Peter and Flock suggested an upper boundary of 1.7 instability index for a stable displacement.

Similarly, Rogan (2007) describes a "zone of feasible innovation" with an upper boundary depicting changes feasible at a given time that shifts upward as new practices take hold.

This analysis was expected to provide an upper boundary to the amplitude of vertical cell fluctuation.