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CBI is just one potentially useful monetary policy design instrument among several, and CBI should not be treated as an exogenous variable.
The results suggest that the posted speed limit should be treated as an exogenous variable in models of operating speed, including models of speed magnitude and speed dispersion.
Using UK industry competition data as an exogenous variable, Kadyrzhanova and Rhodes-Kropf (2011) also confirms that the causality runs from industry competition to ATPs, not vice versa.
Because cigarette taxes can only be changed by Japan's central government, they have been used as an exogenous variable in previous studies.
We use Robinson's (1988) double residual estimator.17 Figure 5 presents the results from semiparametric regressions in which we treat BMI as an exogenous variable.
The model is a three-variable VAR of GDP, government spending, and the short-term interest rate, where the tax series is added as an exogenous variable.
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In terms of its graphical representation,this amounts to wiping out the arrow from the variable ST to the variable SH and treating SH as if it were an exogenous variable.
To address this problem, an exogenous variable (Z) is employed as an instrument for the migration status in a two-stage least squares (2SLS) setup.
In actual analyses run by a large company, statistical models may account for hundreds or thousands of permutations of advertising and sales tactics, as well as exogenous variables such as geography, employment rates, pricing, season of the year, competitive offerings, and so on.
In principle, it would have been interesting to include the treatment variable as an exogenous on-off-variable.
As discussed earlier, the simple linear equation (6), which considers only surface air temperature as the exogenous variable, will be used.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com