4. Architecture is a type of knowledge.
As far as we are concerned here, sagacity is not to be intended as a specific type of knowledge enabling a person to gain control over a specific practical domain.
In the context of structuring and sharing knowledge, semantic web technologies, such as ontologies and semantic wikis, emerged as a new type of knowledge management (for example, SWEET ontology for organizing the vast knowledge base in earth and environmental sciences or the ontology developed in Ontoverse for managing knowledge and networks in life sciences).
Subsequently, the (adaptive) Foresight approach was focused on because of its awareness of the attention dimension as a relevant type of knowledge.
Dionysius is practising forms of theological meditation in the sense that the earlier Church Fathers had understood this, not as a type of objectified, academic knowledge, but rather as a more complex, intersubjective form of address, communion and contemplation.
Accordingly, the exchange of favors, as a type of social exchange, not only facilitated mutual knowledge and trust but also gave rise to the principles of interaction and network features that resemble those in a face-to-face society, thus transforming the anonymous and impersonal orientation in the market field towards purer transactions.
The rising interest of scientific communities and working groups in the semantic web as a newly emerging type of knowledge management materializes in a growing body of ontologies which are often publicly accessible (for example, the SWEET ontology by Raskin and Pan (2005) for organizing the vast knowledge base in earth and environmental sciences).
Past approaches to the problem of inference have often concentrated on a particular type of knowledge structure (such as a script) and postlulated an algorithm tuned to process just that type of structure.
This means that there is nothing like a body of expertise that can be clearly pinned down beforehand, as the type of knowledge required becomes clear only in due course, that is, only as a result of being fully engaged with the particular situation at hand.
In order to better understand this changing landscape, as well as to distinguish the various types of UGC in which customers most commonly engage, and highlight the benefits and challenges associated with these types, we present a new UGC typology that takes into account the objectives that consumers pursue as well as the type of knowledge flow that is activated when consumers produce UGC.
