More than an order of magnitude improvement in wear resistance after cladding was attributed to the presence of ultra-hard Al2O3 particles, increased solid solubility of Al and other alloying elements, and a very fine dendritic microstructure as a result of rapid solidification in the cladded layer.
The graphite in this layer is dissolved and, as a result of the rapid solidification process, a very fine ledeburite and interdendritic martensite or perlite forms.
It is important that they are formed as a result of dewetting during solidification.
Metallographic data and DSC liquid fraction measurements show that solid-state interdiffusion prior to melting is responsible for some initial liquid suppression, but the amount of liquid present during the brazing cycle decreases rapidly as a result of isothermal, or diffusional, solidification.
Cracking and porosity was observed in some specimens carburized by the surface alloying mechanism, as a result of carbon enrichment and high solidification rates.
As a result of Eu addition and rapid solidification, a special micro-nano structure is found in the internal of the powder, which was formed by an interlaced distribution consisted of isolated Al phase and Al4Eu phase.
Fruit jellies resemble gelatin products but achieve solidification as a result of a natural vegetable substance called pectin.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the results obtained: The α-Al dendritic structure coarsens during solidification as a result of the coalescence and growth of the secondary dendrite arms.
The exact solidification sequence at a cooling rate of 5 K min−1 can be determined unequivocally by combining in situ synchrotron tomography and DSC: The α-Al dendritic structure coarsens during solidification as a result of the coalescence and growth of the secondary dendrite arms.
The melting and solidification within particles as a result of heat exchange with the surrounding gas flow is solved numerically.
Using LGK model calculations, it is shown that these changes in solidification microstructure occur as a result of nanoparticle-induced restriction in Zn's effective diffusivity ahead of the dendrite tips, reducing tip velocity.
