(Note that one input element may be fixed as a reference and therefore its superposed coordinates do not change).
Analyses of cessation using current smokers as a reference would therefore have resulted in an artificially lower proportion of cases in the reference group – a potential bias that could underestimate the protective effect of cessation.
Two studies found proliferation of glargine as well, but human insulin was not included as a reference compound, therefore they could not confirm an increased proliferative response [ 32, 33].
In this case, it was reasonable for Col, which was supported by BAC-clone based genome sequences, to have many P/A genes; however, the other accessions could not have had such high numbers, because the re-sequenced genomes used Col as a reference and therefore would not produce additional accession-specific P/A genes.
Here, the third class was considered as a reference category; therefore the investigation of covariate coefficients show that university educational attainment, positive family and personal history, and contributing in educational screening and preventing program have positive impacts for being an individual in higher levels of awareness (OR > 1, P < 0.05).
In the absence of a reference transcriptome, Rnnotator is able to produce a set of transcripts directly from RNA-Seq reads which can serve as the reference, therefore potentially extending the application of gene expression profiling to organisms or metagenome communities that do not have existing transcriptome annotations.
Other genes that showed minor variations across samples were EF1 or BAct, but they were not selected as a reference gene and therefore discarded for further analysis.
N-terminal sequences upstream of residue 68 and C-terminal sequences downstream of residue 357 of the Opsin 1 of S. purpuratus, taken as a reference protein, were therefore excluded.
It is customary in groundwater investigations to choose a point on the centerline of the pumped borehole as a reference for the observations, and therefore neither the drawdown nor its derivatives will vanish at the origin, as required.
As a reference to calibrate against, we therefore use accelerations that are estimated from the GPS tracking data, independently from the accelerometer measurements, in a Precise Orbit Determination (POD) process (van den IJssel and Visser 2007).
