The phrase "as a reference substance" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used in scientific or technical contexts where a specific substance is being referred to for comparison or standardization purposes.
Example: "In our experiments, we used water as a reference substance to measure the solubility of the compound."
Alternatives: "as a standard material" or "as a benchmark substance".
Lignin was used as a reference substance to assess these changes.
C22 was selected as a reference substance.
As a reference substance, 3,5-dichlorophenol was used.
51Cr-EDTA was used as a reference substance in order to calculate renal plasma flow to determine renal clearance of 99mTc-lactadherin and 99mTc-annexinV.
3,5-DCP was used as a reference substance given its known inhibitory effect on respiration, as well to ensure that the batch of sludge used in the test showed a representative level of sensitivity.
The number of writhes in each treated group was compared to that of a control group (Distilled water) while Diclofenac Sodium (10 mg/kg) was used as a reference substance (positive control).
Therefore, using a reference substance for transformation studies seems necessary.
Cre is often used as a concentration reference substance based on its constancy with respect to many pathologies.
As the test method is designed to assess particularly surfactants, we recommend using also a surfactant as the reference substance.
We investigated the test substance pradofloxacin (Veraflox®, Bayer Animal Health GmbH, Germany) with a molecular weight of 396.4 Da as well as the reference substance enrofloxacin (Baytril®, Bayer Vital GmbH, Germany) with a molecular weight of 359.4 d with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.025 μg/ml using an identical approach.
For example, when we demonstrated that miR-210 was highly expressed in cancer, infeasible comparison can be done between studies as no reference substance can be found in the existing included studies, such as a miRNA sharing the same expression in cancer patients and cancer-free individuals.
