As a reference of molecular divergence, Ambystoma ordinarium shares approximately 98 and 97% mtDNA sequence identity with A. mexicanum and A. t. tigrinum respectively [ 16].
The unigene sequence information would be useful as a reference for molecular biology research on A. squamosa and its related species.> Fruit development is a complex process and involves numerous physiological and biochemical events which are initiated and regulated by hormonal signals [ 32].
PCR analyses were performed in 50 µl reactions with SYBR Green dye (PE Applied Biosystems and ROXX dye as an internal fluorescent reference (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA).
Carl Woese's work established ribosomal RNA (rRNA) as the reference molecular marker by cataloguing and comparing rRNA molecules in order to determine evolutionary relationships between organisms, even before the widespread use of DNA sequencing [ 7].
(34) A model of MmOmeRS was constructed using PylRS as a reference structure, and molecular replacement followed by rounds of refinement were performed using the ccp4 programs Molrep and Refmac, respectively.
RK conceived of using vRNA as a reference sample, carried out the molecular biology experiments, created the experimental design, performed the microarray analysis and drafted the manuscript.
Taking the work done on Drosophila as a reference, in our opinion two molecular factors deserve particular attention: (1) IAP: in Drosophila, dBruce has been shown to provide a mechanistic link between autophagy and cell death [ 48].
Furthermore, by using the strict molecular clock as a reference, they allow for a general comparison among any number of independent models [ 38].
To assess the relative fitness of the alternative clock relaxations, we calculated Bayes factors between each model using the strict molecular clock as a reference.
Using D. virilis as a reference, the inferred (using chromosomal inversion molecular markers) basic chromosomal formula for the two sequenced D. americana strains is Xabc, 2a, 3, 5a, and 6 (Muller's elements A, E, D, C and F, respectively) (Fonseca et al. 2012).
