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IgM positivity (of any grade) in a patient previously IgG positive was considered as a reactivation of CMV or HHV-6.
Recent studies have shown that tumor metastasis can be regarded as a reactivation of at least some aspects of the embryonic program of the EMT.
The secondary manifestation of TB occurs mostly in adults as a reactivation of previous infection (or re-infection), often when the individual's health status declines.
Tuberculosis infection, usually as a reactivation of latent tuberculosis, is an important complication of treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α -blocking drugs [ 1].
Recent studies have shown that metastasis can be viewed as a reactivation of at least some aspects of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which normally is an embryonic process [ 14].
Our data support this hypothesis and emphasize the role of Hippo signaling in podocytes, as a reactivation of the Hippo pathway by overexpressing KIBRA/WWC1 causes increased apoptosis in proliferating and differentiated podocytes.
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As promoter methylation is commonly associated with gene silencing, a reactivation of gene expression serves as a proxy indicator of genes whose activity was silenced by such methylation.
This finding is consistent with previous reports [ 28], and according to Chaturvedi et al [ 31], is attributable to the common mode of transmission of HPV and HIV; the inability to clear HPV infections; as well as reactivation of latent HPV infections, the latter two occurring as a result of immune suppression [ 9, 32- 34].
In addition, HIV increases the risk of infection as well as reactivation of latent TB.
The positive effect rather seemed to be a result of the ability of the chaperone to prevent premature aggregation of early folding intermediates as well as reactivation of inactive proteins [ 28, 62].
This up-regulation is known as a feedback reactivation of MAPK pathway by selective MEK inhibitors in K-ras- mutated cells [28].
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