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In the absence of HbA1c, diabetes-related complications, comorbidities and medication use in the pre-index period were used as a proxy to control for severity of disease in propensity score matching.
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Although this study provides supporting evidence for the application of Sporormiella as a proxy for herbivore presence and abundance, independent proxies should be applied in conjunction with Sporormiella to control for changes in lake size.
We were able to control for notable confounders and were not reliant on proxy measures of exposure, such as self-reported use of products containing phthalates.
But lionfish fail as a proxy for controlling grey squirrels, nutria, Asian crabs, and other high-profile species that invade ecosystems.
GOV is also a dummy variable serving as a proxy for government control.
A1C was used as a proxy measure for glycemic control (both dichotomized and continuous, per 1% change).
The analysis controls for age and sex composition and, as a proxy for access to care, spatial proximity to hospitals with psychiatric beds.
The NSMPs do not hybridize to any target, and thus provide a good proxy as a per-sample control for non-specific hybridization.
However, that study had important limitations, including using antiviral treatment as a proxy for zoster diagnoses and inadequate control for confounding.
A proxy battle for control of Yahoo, analysts say, is a more likely alternative.
Thus, thinness replaces plumpness as a proxy measure for affluence.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com