As a proxy measure, Method 1 estimates coverage among deliveries rather than pregnant women.
This classifier can serve as a proxy for any method that maximizes the likelihood of unlinked markers.
Since tests based on a discretization of the gene-level test statistics, e.g., Pearson's difference in proportions test [ 31], are simply a special case of the unadjusted mean difference statistic, S D, the PCGSE method using the unadjusted t-test can be used as a proxy for existing contingency table methods in both the simulation and real data examples.
Cerebrum was measured as part of this method as a proxy for total brain volume, and included a summation of cerebral gray and white matter and CSF, but did not include the brain stem or cerebellum.
This has also often been used, in the absence of any better method, as a proxy for the overall reliability of the instrument, that is, the stability and consistency of the concept being measured.
yfp + expression was measured using FACS with mean YFP intensity serving as a proxy for promoter activity (see Methods).
As the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site, d N, is informative of the combined effect of mutation and selection, we used Σd N (see Materials and Methods) as a proxy of the evolvability of the corresponding subset of residues.
Recent models of combination ART that account for resistance and reversion treat these similarly [ 12, 13]; though one model used stochastic numerical methods as a proxy for variability in acquisition and transmission of resistance, these are still assumed to occur at a fixed rate [ 13] with no consideration for heterogeneous host biology and behavior.
In this section, kriging interpolator as a proxy will be added to FDG method to reduce simulation runs.
