Sentence examples for as a proxy marker from inspiring English sources

In conclusion, represented by digit ratio (2D/4D) as a proxy marker, prenatal testosterone exposure may have a causal role in the sexual dimorphism observed in learning style preferences.

The serotonin precursor 5-hydroxy-l-[β-11C]tryptophan ([11C]HTP) is in clinical use for localization of neuroendocrine tumors and has been suggested as a proxy marker for pancreatic islet cells.

We therefore assessed parasite densities as a proxy marker of fitness.

The high inter-correlations suggest that the PGC can also act as a proxy marker for mood and hence depression, as has been done in some studies [7].

The induction of metallothionein genes has been used previously as a proxy marker for copper excess, and Ctr1B induction as a marker for copper deficiency [15].

The validation of IGRAs to detect LTBI suffers from the lack of gold standard, so active TB disease has often been used as a proxy marker for LTBI [4].

Therefore, its use provides a proxy marker of S. aureus skin infection in children.

Phenotypic data from the full 63 RIL mapping population were analyzed in pairwise marker regression tests using the marker umc2145 as a proxy for sol and each marker in the chromosome 7 segment.

There are no experimental data supporting that di-ortho PCB congeners such as CB-153, will have a diabetogenic effect by themselves, but CB-153 serves as a good proxy marker also for TCDD TEQ and the total POP derived TEQ.

In addition, the notion of 'race' itself is often used as a crude proxy marker for presumed biological and social differences, and therefore, research in this area would be better informed with social science input 203.

The overall HIV prevalence in this age group increased from 16.6% in 2006 to 20.8% in 2008 and the HIV prevalence in this age group serves as a reliable proxy marker for incident HIV infections [ 1, 3, 4].