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Proteins were ranked based on mean Cy5 of a spot divided by normalized Cy5 background signal as a proxy for amount of protein present in each spot.
Number of fights, for example, may act as a proxy for amount of training.
For example, a recent study used rs1051730 as a proxy for amount smoked, and investigated the causal link between smoking and body mass index (BMI).
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First, the expression level serves only as a proxy for the amount of active transcription factor protein.
The signal from a spot is used as a proxy for the amount of target present, frequently in a ratio relative to the same target in another sample.
As a proxy for the amount of evolution before and after antiviral treatment we computed the average length from the common ancestor to each tip for the different clones of each patient at both genome regions.
The fluorescent intensity of a spot was used as a proxy for the amount of mRNA bound and proteins were ranked by the ratio of normalized mean signal intensity to median background (Table S3).
This assay uses the percentage of cross progeny as a proxy for the amount of sperm transferred.
In the ensuing sections, therefore, we will use the number of excess adjacencies as a proxy for the amount of rearrangement.
The second threshold was based on sequence divergence, taken as a proxy for the amount of genetic difference among distinct gene pools.
Reports showed the effect of a proper timing for introduction of ART, as a proxy for the amount of circulating drug-resistance HIV-1 strains at the population level, and level of primary resistance [ 16].
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