The election today was part of a programmed process by the governing Baath Party and an inner circle of the late president to provide the trappings of legitimate succession.
Aging can be viewed as a quasi-programmed process driven by changes in signaling pathways, among which the mTOR pathway stands out as a key factor [ 1; 2].
The final developmental stage of pollen maturation includes a programmed desiccation process for enhancing pollen-geminating efficiency.
Apoptosis, as a programmed cell death, is a rigorous, active, and orderly process of cell death, regulated by numerous gene products to maintain the stability of the intracellular environment.
There was no real dialogue, as a programmed audience, most of them Communist League Youth members, asked coached questions.
Indeed, ROS can trigger pathways aimed at saving cells from demise; however, under certain conditions, they can also impair the cellular red/ox balance as to activate a programmed cell death (PCD) process [ 2, 3].
These programmed processes seem miraculous, considering that they occur in an extremely reproducible manner that extends beyond individuals and generations.
Abscission is a programmed organ-detachment process, in which plant parts such as fruits, seeds, and leaflets separate from their mother plants in response to developmental cues to guarantee efficient dispersal or propagation of the plants (Patterson 2001).
Whether the ageing process itself consists of the accumulation of molecular damage due to environmental and stochastic effects or is a truly programmed or pseudo-programmed process that stems from development remains to be determined, yet a process as complex as ageing most likely involves aspects of all these phenomena [ 3- 5].
The biological meaning of a programmed cell death process in unicellular organisms has been the subject of much debate.
